Is India aware of the new cause of throat cancer?

HPV is a well-known virus mainly seen as a causative agent for cervical cancer. So if we talk about HPV, it is a sexually transmitted virus. It has many strains that mostly do not cause major problems and resolve by themselves, while some are high-risk strains like HPV 16 and HPV 18 that can alter cells, and this alteration leads to cancer. It is one of the most common infections in the United States; it is estimated that more than half of sexually active people may have been exposed to some type of HPV in their lifespan. 

How does HPV affect the head and neck? 

Cases of cancers like oropharyngeal cancer (mouth and throat) have increased in recent years, especially in younger populations with habits like excessive alcohol or tobacco use. Recent studies suggest that HPV can lead to head and neck cancer in areas like the base of the tongue, tonsils, and back of the mouth and throat. Until that time, there was no complete study to justify HPV exposure causing oropharyngeal cancer or the associated factors like alcohol or tobacco. 

Why should Indians worry about this? 

The rise in the number of cases of HPV-associated head and neck cancer is increasing, and low public awareness is one of the major reasons to worry. When we talk about HPV, it is mostly associated with cervical cancer in women, but at present, men are equally vulnerable to this type of cancer. 

Changes in social surroundings, urbanisation, evolving lifestyles, and involvement with multiple partners sexually and through oral sex are primary reasons for HPV exposure. However, the awareness gap can be filled by vaccination camps against HPV for men. 

Identifying the Symptoms 

In early exposure, HPV associated with head and neck cancer does not show many changes. It also depends on the areas involved; for example, if it is on the base of the tongue, it can be easily missed, as that area is never taken care of. But as time goes on, the symptoms become more dominant, like hoarseness of the voice, a feeling of a lodged throat, swollen neck, ear, or sudden weight loss. 

Prevention and Awareness

Vaccines are available and are the best way to prevent such conditions. HPV vaccine can help you prevent cervical cancer, and it is also effective against HPV associated with head and neck cancer. 

Along with vaccination in childhood, maintaining oral hygiene, safe sex, and no consumption of alcohol or tobacco can lower the risk of HPV-related cancers.